Metabolic endotoxaemia, dietary manipulation and prior exercise
Research type
Research Study
Full title
Metabolic endotoxaemia, insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammation and immunity: The effects of fatty acid manipulation and prior exercise in T2D patients.
IRAS ID
136228
Contact name
Thozhukat Sathyapalan
Contact email
Sponsor organisation
Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust
Research summary
A possible link between a high fat meal, energy handling, inflamamtion and propensity towards diabetes is the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the gram-negative bacteria found in the intestinal cell wall (Berg 1996). There is evidence that LPS concentrations after a fatty meal are strongly related to the degree of ingested fat. A high fat meal can promote intestinal absorption of LPS and an increase of intestinal permeability for LPS (Ghoshal, Witta et al. 2009). LPS circulates in healthy human subjects at low concentrations. An elevated concentration of circulating LPS has been associated with a higher risk for T2D and CVD(Wiedermann, Kiechl et al. 1999). LPS is higher in the obese when compared to normal weight subjects (Ley, Turnbaugh et al. 2006). The increased movement of LPS from the intestine during fat absorption mediates the secretion of adipose tissue inflammatory markers and promotes insulin resistance, the hallmark of diabetes (Cani, Amar et al. 2007). There is increasing evidence that exercise and various forms of dietary supplementation (polyphenols found in fruit and vegetables) can significantly attenuate the LPS concentrations in response to a high fat meal, improve adipose tissue inflammatory markers, insulin sensitivity and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. Recently, the type of fat (saturated fat and monounsaturated fat) have shown to be different in the ability to increase LPS concentrations in both pigs and mice. Furthermore, exercise in mice has lowered the LPS response to a high fat meal. However, no studies have assessed the effects of fat type and exercise on LPS in patients with T2D patients.
REC name
Yorkshire & The Humber - Sheffield Research Ethics Committee
REC reference
13/YH/0362
Date of REC Opinion
20 Dec 2013
REC opinion
Further Information Favourable Opinion